PRRSV为有囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒,属于套式病毒目,动脉炎病毒科,分为两个基因型:Genotype1和Genotype2。Genotype1也称为欧洲型,Genotype2也称为美洲型。美洲型蓝耳病病毒按照ORF5序列,分为至少9个谱系(lineage1~9)和37个亚谱系(sublin-eage);Nsp2是PRRSV 中最长且变异程度最大的非结构蛋白,不同PRRSV的Nsp2基因具有显著的差异,也可作为分类依据。
三、限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析的原理及应用
蓝耳病的RFLP分型是根据酶MluI、HincII和SacII在ORF5限制位点上的酶切模式形成3个数字代码[11]。基因谱系是基于ORF5分子特征的遗传进化分析,RFLP是基于ORF5基因的多态性分析。中美两国在PRRSV分类模式上存在差别,中国以分子特征(Nsp2缺失和ORF5序列比对)分型,美国以RFLP(ORF5)进行分型。以类NADC34为例,当前类NADC34毒株ORF5基因以RFLP1-7-4居多,但同时也存在1-4-4、1-7-2、1-7-3等类型,RFLP 分类方式无法代表具有同一致病特性的一类毒株, RFLP基因分型在深入了解病毒的致病性方面无效,以分子特征(Nsp2缺失和ORF5序列比对)分型更符合当前国内复杂的疾病形式。
结果分析:
随着荧光定量PCR等检测方法的应用,PRRSV1的检出变得普遍。其中广东[19]和广西[20]地区的检测显示欧洲型 PRRSV在中国存在扩散,可能会造成该病毒在一定区域内的流行,给养猪场带来一定的危害。
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